Automation Frameworks

Automation Frameworks With Example (Selenium)

There are 5 types of Framework  

1. Linear Framework

2. Library Architecture Framework

3. Keyword driven framework

4. Data Driven Framework

5. Hybrid Framework

Each and Every framework has its own merits and demerits. These all frameworks can be applied to any Automation Tool.

How to choose a particular framework?

There is no thumb rule to choose a framework, but it depends on many factors like Type of Application (AUT), Number of available resources, Reusability of Test Script.

We will see each and every framework with Example.

Example Scenario: User books a flight ticket on Travel portal and logout .

1.       Linear Framework

This is very simple framework and good for beginner.

Merits : Not  much coding expertise  is required .

Demerits : 1.Test case is not reusable .

                   2. Lots of Rework will be required in case of any Change.

Following code is an example of Linear Framework.

package com.project1;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.*;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

 public class Linear_Framework {

      

        

       public static void main(String[] args) {

              //Initiate Driver

        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

        //Login

        driver.navigate().to("http://newtours.demoaut.com/");

        driver.findElement(By.name("userName")).sendKeys("Mercury");

        driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("mercury");

        driver.findElement(By.name("login")).click();

         //Book a Ticket

     Select Passangers= new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='passCount']")));

        Passangers.selectByVisibleText("2");

        Select Departingfrom = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromPort']")));

        Departingfrom.selectByVisibleText("Frankfurt");

        Select FromMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromMonth']")));

        FromMonth.selectByVisibleText("September");

        Select ArrivingIn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toPort']")));

        ArrivingIn.selectByVisibleText("New York");

        Select ToMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toMonth']")));

        ToMonth.selectByIndex(10);

        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td/form/table/tbody/tr[9]/td[2]/font/font/input")).click();

        driver.findElement(By.name("findFlights")).click();

        driver.findElement(By.name("reserveFlights")).click();

        driver.findElement(By.name("passFirst0")).sendKeys("Name1");

        driver.findElement(By.name("passLast0")).sendKeys("LastName");

        driver.findElement(By.name("creditnumber")).sendKeys("1234566");

        driver.findElement(By.name("buyFlights")).click();

        

      

      

         //Logout

        driver.findElement(By.linkText("SIGN-OFF")).click();

        

        

     //Close Browser

        driver.quit();

        

        }

}

2.        Library Architecture Framework

This  is a approach where all test cases are analysed to  find out reusability and these test cases are created as functions and will be stored in other files and can be called whenever needed ,In Short  Test  case will be fragmented into functions .

Merits: It will save time and Effort due to reusability.

Demerits: 1.Programming Knowledge is required.

                   2. Data is hardcoded, so Test script cannot be run using different data values.

Following code is an example of Library Architecture, In Main () only functions are present.

package com.project1;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.*;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

 public class Library_Framework {

      

       //Initiate Driver

               static WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

       public static void main(String[] args)

       {

              //Login

       Login("Mercury", "mercury");

       FlightBook();

       Logout();

      

       }

           //Function

       public static void Login(String Username,String Password)

       {

               driver.navigate().to("http://newtours.demoaut.com/");

               driver.findElement(By.name("userName")).sendKeys(Username);

               driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys(Password);

               driver.findElement(By.name("login")).click();

       }

       public static void FlightBook()

       {

               Select Passangers= new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='passCount']")));

               Passangers.selectByVisibleText("2");

               Select Departingfrom = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromPort']")));

               Departingfrom.selectByVisibleText("Frankfurt");

               Select FromMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromMonth']")));

               FromMonth.selectByVisibleText("September");

               Select ArrivingIn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toPort']")));

               ArrivingIn.selectByVisibleText("New York");

               Select ToMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toMonth']")));

               ToMonth.selectByIndex(10);

               driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td/form/table/tbody/tr[9]/td[2]/font/font/input")).click();

               driver.findElement(By.name("findFlights")).click();

               driver.findElement(By.name("reserveFlights")).click();

               driver.findElement(By.name("passFirst0")).sendKeys("Name1");

               driver.findElement(By.name("passLast0")).sendKeys("LastName");

               driver.findElement(By.name("creditnumber")).sendKeys("1234566");

               driver.findElement(By.name("buyFlights")).click();

               

       }

public static void Logout()

{

        driver.findElement(By.linkText("SIGN-OFF")).click();

}

public static void quitdriver()

{

        driver.quit();

}

}

3.        Keyword driven Framework

There are 2 types of keyword driven framework

1. Operation level

2. Function level

  Merits:  1.Keyword Driven Framework is very Generic so it can be used to other Test  cases     

                  as well

  Demerits : It requires lots of efforts and expertise to prepare complex  Libraries

Here I have prepared a code for Function Level Keyword driven Framework.

 Steps:

1.       Create an Excel sheet for Test case Flow.

                2.  Create individual functions for test cases (Login(),FlightBook(),Logout())

                3.   Create a function Which Can read Excel sheet and can execute mapped function.

       By following above steps,  final code should look like as below.

       package com.project1;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.List;

import jxl.Sheet;

import jxl.Workbook;

import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.*;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class Keyword_Driven {

      

       //Initiate Driver

        static WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

public static void main(String[] args)

{

      

        //Login

        driver.navigate().to("http://newtours.demoaut.com/");

        

      

              Workbook workbook;

              try {

                     workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Test Excel\\Keyword_driven.xls"));

                     Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);

                    

              //code to read Test Case

                     int row=sheet.getRows();

                     for(int i=1;i<row;i++)

                     {

                           String Testcasename=sheet.getCell(0,i).getContents().toString();

                           //Call function ExecuteFunction to Read Mapped Function

                           ExecuteFunction(Testcasename);

                          

                    

                     }

                     //Close Browser

                     quitdriver();

                    

              } catch (BiffException e) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                     e.printStackTrace();

              } catch (IOException e) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                     e.printStackTrace();

              }

             

}

public static void ExecuteFunction(String Casename)

{

       String Option=Casename.trim();

      

 if(Option.equalsIgnoreCase("TC_Login") )

 {

      

        //Execute Login Function

        Login("Mercury", "mercury");

 }

 else if(Option.equalsIgnoreCase("TC_Book Flight"))

 {

        //Execute FlighBook Function

        FlightBook();

 }

 else if(Option.equalsIgnoreCase("TC_Logout"))

 {

       //Execute Logout

        Logout();

 }

 }

public static void Login(String Username,String Password)

{

        driver.findElement(By.name("userName")).sendKeys(Username);

        driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys(Password);

        driver.findElement(By.name("login")).click();

}

public static void FlightBook()

{

        Select Passangers= new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='passCount']")));

        Passangers.selectByVisibleText("2");

        Select Departingfrom = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromPort']")));

        Departingfrom.selectByVisibleText("Frankfurt");

        Select FromMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromMonth']")));

        FromMonth.selectByVisibleText("September");

        Select ArrivingIn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toPort']")));

        ArrivingIn.selectByVisibleText("New York");

        Select ToMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toMonth']")));

        ToMonth.selectByIndex(10);

        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td/form/table/tbody/tr[9]/td[2]/font/font/input")).click();

        driver.findElement(By.name("findFlights")).click();

        driver.findElement(By.name("reserveFlights")).click();

        driver.findElement(By.name("passFirst0")).sendKeys("Name1");

        driver.findElement(By.name("passLast0")).sendKeys("LastName");

        driver.findElement(By.name("creditnumber")).sendKeys("1234566");

        driver.findElement(By.name("buyFlights")).click();

        

}

public static void Logout()

{

 driver.findElement(By.linkText("SIGN-OFF")).click();

}

public static void quitdriver()

{

 driver.quit();

}

}

For Operation level framework different keywords are written in excel sheet and can be read using Function .this is quite complex.

Excel sheet can be as follows:

4.       Data-Driven  framework

In this type of framework Data is not hardcoded with script ,but data is provided from external  source.

This external source can be Excel sheet, TXT file, Database etc.

Merits:     As data is provided from external source same script can be run for different datasets.

Demerits:  Good efforts and technical expertise is required to create functions  which connects to        

                     Database

Following code is an example of Data-driven Framework

package com.project1;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.*;

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

import jxl.*;

import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;

public class DataDriven_Framework {

        public static void main(String[] args) {

               WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

               //Login

               driver.navigate().to("http://newtours.demoaut.com/");

               

               try {

                     Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Test Excel\\Excel1.xls"));

                     Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);

                    

                     driver.findElement(By.name("userName")).sendKeys(sheet.getCell(0, 1).getContents());

                     driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys(sheet.getCell(1, 1).getContents());

                     driver.findElement(By.name("login")).click();

                     Select Passangers= new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='passCount']")));

                     Passangers.selectByVisibleText(sheet.getCell(2, 1).getContents());

                     Select Departingfrom = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromPort']")));

                      Departingfrom.selectByVisibleText(sheet.getCell(3, 1).getContents());

                      Select FromMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='fromMonth']")));

                      FromMonth.selectByVisibleText(sheet.getCell(4, 1).getContents());

                      Select ArrivingIn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toPort']")));

                      ArrivingIn.selectByVisibleText(sheet.getCell(6,1).getContents());

                      Select ToMonth = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("select[name='toMonth']")));

                      ToMonth.selectByVisibleText(sheet.getCell(5,1).getContents());

                      driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[4]/td/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/table/tbody/tr[5]/td/form/table/tbody/tr[9]/td[2]/font/font/input")).click();

                      driver.findElement(By.name("findFlights")).click();

                      driver.findElement(By.name("reserveFlights")).click();

                      driver.findElement(By.name("passFirst0")).sendKeys(sheet.getCell(7, 1).getContents());

                      driver.findElement(By.name("passLast0")).sendKeys(sheet.getCell(8, 1).getContents());

                      driver.findElement(By.name("creditnumber")).sendKeys(sheet.getCell(9, 1).getContents());

                      driver.findElement(By.name("buyFlights")).click();

                    

                    

                    

              } catch (BiffException e) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                     e.printStackTrace();

              } catch (IOException e) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                     e.printStackTrace();

              }

        }

        }

5.       Hybrid Frameworks

This is combination of Keyword Driven and Data Driven Framework  ,Both above examples can be used to explain it

Merits: Best features can be used of any type of framework

Demerits: Highly Complex Framework